The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.